Global supply chains have evolved from pure production efficiency to a value-added system. This necessary transformation process is illustrated in the literature by the five pillars of the New Supply Chain Agenda (NSCA). The three dimensions of the global mindset – intellectual capital, social capital, as well as psychological capital – are analyzed and integrated into the context of the worldwide economy. This paper is a short overview of the future challenges in supply chain management and an intensive discussion of intercultural competence Supply Chain Management. This bundle of necessary competencies, which an internationally oriented executive must have to lead employees, teams or entire organizations in the sense of the goal achievement, is then placed to the pillars of the New Supply Chain agenda. The important link of the two models as well as the associated possibilities to meet the requirements for global diversity are illustrated by recent case studies.